| TRIZ • Object Attribute Function Modeling • 40 Principles • 40 Principles & Object Attribute Function Modeling |
Classical TRIZ offers so called 40 Inventive Principles present below. These principals represent a complete set of primitive operations that are available to an innovator. If you have a problem to solve or desperately need an innovation - 40 Inventive Principles are for you. Any problem can be solved by a sequential application of selected Inventive Principles to the problem domain.
It might be overwhelming for some of you apply 40 principles in practice. There are way too many of these Principles, each having 2 to 4 variations. The description is quite abstract and it takes practice before you can really apply 40 principles to your problem. For this very reason several attempts were made to come up with a smaller set.
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01 segmentation A divide an object into independent parts B make an object easy to assemble or disassemble C increase the degree of fragmentation or segmentation |
02 extraction A separate an interfering part or property from an object B single out the only necessary part or property of an object |
03 local quality A change an object’s structure from uniform to non-uniform B change an external environment (or external influence) from uniform to non-uniform C make each part of an object function in conditions most suitable for its operations D make each part of an object fulfill a different and/or complementary useful function |
04 asymmetry A change the shape or properties of an object from symmetrical to asymmetrical B change the shape of an object to suit external asymmetries C if an object is asymmetrical, increase its degree of asymmetry |
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05 merging A bring closer together (or merge) identical or similar objects or operations in space B make objects or operations contiguous or parallel; bring them together in time |
06 universality A make a part or object perform multiple functions, thereby eliminating the need for other parts or objects B use standardized features |
07 nesting A place one object inside another B place multiple objects inside others C make one part pass (dynamically) through a cavity in the other |
08 anti-weight A to compensate for the weight of an object, merge it with other objects that provide lift B to compensate for the weight of an object, make it interact with the environment in a way that creates lift |
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09 preliminary anti-action A if it will be necessary to perform an action with both harmful and useful effects, this action should be complemented with actions to control harmful effects B create beforehand actions in an object that will oppose known undesirable working stresses later on |
10 preliminary action A perform, before it is needed, the required change of an object (either fully or partially) B pre-arrange objects such that they can come into action from the most convenient place and without losing time for their delivery |
11 beforehand cushioning A prepare emergency means beforehand to compensate for the relatively low reliability of an object |
12 equi-potentiality A in a potential field, limit position change |
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13 inversion A invert the action used to solve the problem B make movable parts fixed, and fixed parts movable C turn the object or process "upside-down" |
14 spheroidality-curvature
A instead of using rectilinear parts, surfaces, or forms, use
curvilinear ones; move from flat surfaces to spherical ones; from parts
shaped as a cube (parallelepiped) to ball-shaped structures C go from linear to rotary motion (or vice versa) D use centrifugal forces |
15 dynamics A allow (or design) the characteristics of an object, external environment, or process to change to be optimal or to find an optimal operating condition B divide an object into parts capable of movement relative to each other C if an object (or process) is rigid or inflexible, make it movable or adaptive |
16 partial or excessive actions A if 100 percent of an object is hard to achieve using a given solution method then, by using 'slightly less' or 'slightly more' of the same method, the problem may be considerably easier to solve |
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17 another dimension A to move an object in two- or three-dimensional space B use a multi-story arrangement of objects instead of a single-story arrangement C tilt or re-orient the object, lay it on its side D use 'another side' of a given area |
18 mechanical vibration A cause an object to oscillate or vibrate B increase its frequency (even up to the ultrasonic) C use an object's resonant frequency
D use piezoelectric vibrators instead of mechanical ones |
19 periodic action A instead of continuous action, use periodic or pulsating actions B if an action is already periodic, change the periodic magnitude or frequency C use pauses between impulses to perform a different action |
20 continuity of useful action A carry on work continuously; make all parts of an object work at full load, all the time B eliminate all idle or intermittent actions or work |
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21 skipping A conduct a process, or certain stages (e.g. destructible, harmful or hazardous operations) at high speed |
22 "blessing in disguise" or "turn lemons into lemonade" A use harmful factors (particularly, harmful effects of the environment or surroundings) to achieve a positive effect B eliminate the primary harmful action by adding it to another harmful action to resolve the problem C amplify a harmful factor to such a degree that it is no longer harmful |
23 feedback A introduce feedback (referring back, cross-checking) to improve a process or action B if feedback is already used, change its magnitude or influence |
24 intermediary A use an intermediary carrier article or intermediary process B merge one object temporarily with another (which can be easily removed) |
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25 self-service A make an object serve itself by performing auxiliary helpful functions B use waste resources, energy, or substances |
26 copying A instead of an unavailable, expensive, fragile object, use simpler and inexpensive copies B replace an object, or process with optical copies C if visible optical copies are already used, move to infrared or ultraviolet copies |
27 cheap short-living objects A replace an inexpensive object with a multiple of inexpensive objects, comprising certain qualities (such as service life, for instance) |
28 mechanics substitution A replace a mechanical means with a sensory (optical, acoustic, taste or smell) means B use electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields to interact with the object C change from static to movable fields, from unstructured fields to those having structure D use fields in conjunction with field-activated (e.g. ferromagnetic) particles |
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29 pneumatics and hydraulics A use gas and liquid parts of an object instead of solid parts (e.g. inflatable, filled with liquids, air cushion, hydrostatic, hydro-reactive) |
30 flexible shells and thin films A use flexible shells and thin films instead of three dimensional structures B isolate the object from the external environment using flexible shells and thin films |
31 porous materials A make an object porous or add porous elements (inserts, coatings, etc.) B if an object is already porous, use the pores to introduce a useful substance or function |
32 color changes A change the color of an object or its external environment B change the transparency of an object or its external environment |
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33 homogeneity A make objects interacting with a given object of the same material (or material with identical properties) |
34 discarding and recovering A make portions of an object that have fulfilled their functions go away (discard by dissolving, evaporating, etc.) or modify these directly during operation B conversely, restore consumable parts of an object directly in operation |
35 parameter changes A change an object's physical state (e.g. to a gas, liquid, or solid) B change the concentration or consistency C change the degree of flexibility D change the temperature |
36 phase transitions A use phenomena occurring during phase transitions (e.g. volume changes, loss or absorption of heat, etc.) |
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37 thermal expansion A use thermal expansion (or contraction) of materials B if thermal expansion is being used, use multiple materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion |
38 strong oxidants A replace common air with oxygen-enriched air B replace enriched air with pure oxygen C expose air or oxygen to ionizing radiation D use ionized oxygen E replace ozonized (or ionized) oxygen with ozone |
39 inert atmosphere A replace a normal environment with an inert one B add neutral parts, or inert additives to an object |
40 composite materials A change from uniform to composite (multiple) materials |
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